Hundred Years War Timeline 1421

1421
1421	6 January	Henry V and Catherine spend Epiphany at Rouen, demanding more money from the Norman Estates.
1421	End of January	Henry V and Catherine travel to Calais, and thence to Dover, where they are greeted with near hysterical joy.
1421	23 February	Catherine de Valois is crowned Queen of England by the Archbishop of Canterbury. They proceed on progress, visiting St. Albans, Bristol, through Herefordshire to Shrewsbury, to York and Lincoln in the North, and Norwich and King's Lynn in East Anglia.
1421	22 March	Thomas, Duke of Clarence, against the advice of Sir Gilbert Umfraville (Henry's Marshal of France) and the Earl of Huntingdon, set's off from his dinner, without his archers, and attacks an Armagnac army at Bague. The Armangacs, along with some Scotsmen under the Earls of Buchan and Wigtown, counter charge, and the English are defeated. Duke Clarence is slain, along with Umfraville and de Roos, the Earls of Huntingdon and Somerset are captured. The Earl of Salisbury, who was bringing up the rear, rescues what survivors there are, and recovers Clarence's body.
1421		The Dauphin Charles makes the Earl of Buchan the Constable of France.
1421	11 April	Henry V receives the news of the defeat and death of Duke Clarence.
1421	May	Parliament, meeting at Westminster, votes a tax of a fifteenth, together with a tenth from the clergy.
1421	10 June	Henry V, in preparation for his leaving, draws up his will at Dover.
1421	June	Henry V lands at Calais with 4,000 troops, and marches to Paris to relieve the Duke of Exeter. He takes Dreaux, marches south into the Beauce and takes Vendome and Beaugency, then camps for three days before Orleans. He can't take it with his army, so he decamps, and marches north taking Villeneuve-le-Roy and Rougemont, where he hangs the entire garrison and destroys the buildings.
1421	October	Henry V lays siege to Meaux. During a long siege a sixteenth part of the English army died of disease. Henry himself falls ill, and doctors are sent for from England.
1421	6 December	Queen Catherine bears a son, the future Henry VI, at Windsor.
1422
1422	9 March	The town of Meaux surrenders to Henry V. The garrison withdraws into the Market, a fortified suburb, and holds out.
1422	May	Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, is designated as Keeper of the Realm while King Henry V is in France.
1422	10 May	The garrison of Meaux surrenders to Henry V. The commander, the Bastard of Varus, is hanged. Henry V returns to Paris, gravely ill.
1422	10 August	On route to Cosne-sur-Loire Henry V finds himself unable to ride. He is transported by horse litter to Vincennes, which he reaches on 10 August.
1422	26 August	Henry V dictates several codicils to his will, concerning the raising of his son, and issues instructions as to the disposition of the realm. Feeling himself dying, he appoints his brother John, Duke of Bedford, as provisional Regent of France (provided that Philippe de Bourgogne does not want it) and guardian of the young Henry VI, and makes Gloucester the Regent of England.
1422	31 August	Between two and three o'clock in the morning, Henry V, king of England, dies at Vincennes, at the age of 35. Queen Catherine, who had been staying with her parents at Senlis, travels with his body back to England.
1422		Thomas Walsingham, one of the last great medieval chroniclers and author of what is called the Walsingham Chronicle, or the Chronicle of St. Albans, ends his chronicle with the death of Henry V.
1422	7 September	News of Henry V's death reaches Flanders
1422	22 September	Bishop Thomas Langley, Henry V's chancellor, leaves York, traveling to Windsor.
1422	28 September	Bishop Langley arrives in Windsor, and meets with a small group of important men of the realm for 'the immediate need of governing the realm, both for the preservation of peace and display of justice, and for the exercise of the king's offices'. They swear fealty to Henry of Windsor as King Henry VI, and Langley surrenders the Great Seal to Simon Gaunstede, keeper of the chancery rolls.
1422	29 September	In the Star Chamber at Westminster Simon Gaunstede seals a number of patents re-appointing key officers of the exchequer and the law courts. He is attended by a makeshift royal council, consisting of Bishop Langley, John Stafford, keeper of the Privy Seal, William Kinwolmersh, Treasurer of England, Bishop Morgan of Worcester, Richard Fleming, Bishop of Lincoln, Edmund Lacey, Bishop of Exeter, John, Lord Talbot, James Butler, Earl of Ormond, Lord Clinton and Lord Poynings.
1422	21 October	At 7 in the morning Charles VI, King of France, dies.
1422	26 October	John, Duke of Bedford, writes a letter to the city of London in which he expresses discomfort with some of the provisions of Henry V's will, and putting forward his claim to some special position in England, based on his close blood ties to the late king. Apparently he had no wish to defy the last wishes of Hevry V, but was instead attempting to assure himself some place in the government of England in case Philippe, duke of Burgundy, decided to accept the Regency of France.
1422	5 November	The funeral cortege of Henry V arrives in London, including the executors of his will, magnates of the realm and members of the late king's household. Attending a council of Lords later in the day they determine that the Duke of Gloucester's wardship of the realm had ended with Henry V's death, but that he could open the forthcoming parliament with the council's permission. This is an initial blow to Gloucester's claims as Regent of England, and he challenges the ruling, though unsuccessfully.
1422	7 November	Henry V is laid to rest in Westminster abbey.
1422		Bishop Langley reads the will of Henry V to Archbishop Chichele, Bishop Beaufort, and the Dukes of Gloucester and Exeter. While there is initial acceptance of the late king's wishes that Gloucester have the wardship of the young king and the regency of England, some of the major English nobles soon begin to have reservations about Gloucester.
1422	16 November	Bishop Thomas Langley is appointed as Henry VI's chancellor.
1422	19 November	John, Duke of Bedford, presides in the Parlement of Paris as Regent of France, Philippe de Bourgogne having decided to forego the honor. He confirms the treaty of Troyes, and dedicates himself to work for the good of France.
1422	5 December	The first parliament of the reign if Henry VI. In the absence of a chancellor Archbishop Chichele delivers a sermon, based on a text wherein Moses, as leader of the Israelites, was advised to seek the counsel of others, saying that suitable persons from each estate should be allowed to play a role in the government of England. In response to a request from the Commons that they be told who was to govern the realm, the Lords decide that the claims of blood, the will of the late king, and the precedents cited by Gloucester himself are insufficient, and denies him the powers of Regent, offering instead the title of 'Defensor of this Reme, and chief counseiller of the kyng', and allowing him a special position whenever his elder brother, the Duke of Bedford, was abroad. They also determine that this title shall not last until the majority of the young King, but only 'as long as it liked the kyng'. To this the commons agrees. Parliament also determines that Bedford, and Gloucester in his absence, will not be able to exercise their 'special powers' unless they were actually in England. Those powers that are granted to the Protectors are severly limited, and most of the real power is vested in the council.
1422	9 December	The council of Regency is formally established by the house of Lords, consisting of Archbishop Chichele, Bishops Beaufort, Morgan, Wakering, and Kemp, the Dukes of Gloucester and Exeter, the Earls of Norfolk, Northumberland, March and Warwick, the Barons FitzHugh, Tiptoft and Cromwell and the knights Walter Hungerford and Walter Beauchamp. A quorum of four councilors, plus the three officers of state, was required for small matters, and a majority of the councilors for important matters of state. This is presented to the house of Commons, who are satisfied with the arrangements, with either the Duke of Bedford or the Duke of Gloucester to be consulted in those matters where the king would ordinarily have taken part.
1422	18 December	William Kinwolmersh, treasurer of England, dies.
1422		Parliament is dissolved.
1423
1423		Anglo-Burgundian forces take Le Crotoy
1423		The Duke of Norfolk and Jean de Luxembourg defeat Poton de Xaintrailles.
1423	26 January	Three more councilors are added to the English regency council, bringing the number required for a majority to be present to 10.
1423	6 March	The Earl of Northumberland is sent on a mission to the Council of Pavia.
1423	April	John, Duke of Bedford, Philippe, duke of Burgundy, and Jean Duc de Bretagne meet in Amiens and sign a treaty of 'brotherhood and union for as long as we live' and pledging to work towards the Dauphin's final overthrow. De Bourgogne and de Bretagne make a side agreement to remain friends if either should abandon Bedford.
1423	27 April	The English royal council make provisions for a pension for the king's chambermaid and laundress.
1423	May	John, Duke of Bedford and Regent of France, marries Anne, the sister of Philippe le Bon, duke of Burgundy. It begins as a purely political match, but turns into a notably happy marriage.
1423	29 July	The Earl of Salisbury defeats a Dauphinist army at Cravant.
1423	23 October	The second parliament of Henry VI assembles.
1424
1424		The Earl of Suffolk retakes Ivry.
1424		Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, Protector of England, invades Hainault, Holland, and Zeeland, which he claim by right of having married the Countess, with 5,000 men. The expedition is a complete failure, and Humphrey returns to England, having succeeded in only one thing, thoroughly angering Philippe de Bourgogne, who wanted those territories for himself.
1424	14 August	Dauphinist forces under the Duke d'Alençon, the Comte d'Aumale and the Viscomte de Narbonne capture Verneuil by the ruse of having their Scots allies pose as English prisoners.
1424	17 August	The Battle of Verneuil. The Duke of Bedford and the Earl of Salisbury win a hard battle with the Dauphinist forces outside the city, inflicting heavy casualties on the Scots contingent of the enemy. Archibald, the Earl of Douglas, and James, the Earl of Mar are slain, along with the Viscomte de Narbonne. The Duc d'Alençon and the Marshall Lafayette are captured.
1424		Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester tries to raise the London mob against Bishop Henry Beaufort, who is Chancellor of England.
1425
1425	October	Bishop Henry Beaufort writes to the Duke of Bedford, telling him England is on the brink of civil war as a result of Humphrey of Gloucester's actions, and asking to come to England as quickly as possible.
1425	December	The Duke of Bedford arrives in England to mediate the dispute between Beaufort and Gloucester. He also tries, with limited success, to raise money for further expeditions in France.
1426
1426		Richard Beauchamp is made 'Captain and Lieutenant-General of the King and Regent in the Field'.
1426		Jean, Duc de Bretagne, signs a treaty with the Dauphin at Saumer, while his brother, with a mixed force of Bretons and Scots had taken Ponterson, massacring the garrison.
1427
1427	January	The lords in parliament, in response to challenges from both Bishop Beaufort and Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, redefine more precisely the responsibilities of the council, stating that the authority to govern resided in the king alone, despite the fact that he was a minor, and that the power resided in the lords in parliament or the more especially in the council temporarily, as the king was at that time unable to exercise that power due to his minority.
1427	March	The Duke of Bedford returns to France, having been reasonably successful at reconciling Beaufort and Gloucester. He is accompanied by Lord Talbot, and bringing 300 men at arms and 900 archers and a new artillery train.
1427	April	Lord Warwick recaptures Ponterson.
1427	Spring	1,900 fresh troops arrive from England to reinforce the Duke of Bedford.
1427	June	The Duke of Bedford and his wife visit with the duke of Burgundy at Arras. Bedford had put a stop to a new English expedition to Hainault, and arranged a truce between Gloucester and de Bourgogne, whereby Gloucester , having gotten an Papal bull declaring their marriage invalid, abandoned Jacqueline of Hainault and his claims to her lands. This restores the Anglo-Burgundian relationship, which had been strained.
1427	15 July	Lord Warwick, with 5,000 men and an impressive siege train, begins bombarding Montargis.
1427	July	The Duke of Bedford sends the Earl of Salisbury to England to plead with the council for money. Eventually he ends up getting 24,000 pounds out of them, though some of that comes out of his own purse.
1427	September	Jean, Duc de Bretagne reaffirms his allegiance to the Treaty of Troyes, thus restoring the triple alliance of England, Bourgogne and Bretagne.
1427		Jean, le Batard d'Orleans is sent with La Hire to reinforce Montargis. He sends a messenger to the defenders with his plan of action, and appears before the besieging army. As the English rush to attack, the defenders open the sluice gates, washing away the bridge and cutting the army in two. Jean defeats the part of the army on his side of the river, and the defenders of Montargis sally out and attack the ones left behind. Warwick lost a thousand men, and the remainder fled, abandoning their artillery.
1427		Sir John Fastolf and a small force are defeated at Ambrières, sparking a general revolt against English rule in Maine.
1428
1428	June	The Duke of Bedford throws an enormous party (8,000 guests) at his Hotel des Tournelles in Paris.
1428		The Earl of Salibury sails from Sandwich with 450 men-at-arms, 2,250 archers, 70 masons, carpenters and bowmakers, and a new artillery train.
1428	July	The Earl of Salisbury arrives in Paris. Here he and the Duke of Bedford have a disagreement about their next objective. Salisbury wants to attack Orleans, the key to the Dauphinist heartland. Bedford feels that they should attack Angers, as that will solidify their control of Anjou, and enable them to link up with the southern territories. And attacking Orleans would be a breach of the rules of Chivalry, as the Duc d'Orleans is a captive in England.
1428	August	Having prevailed in his argument with Bedford, the Earl of Salibury begins his offensive against Orleans, capturing over 40 towns in th region of Orleans, including Beaugency, Meung and Jargeau.
1428	12 October	The Earl of Salisbury invests Orléans for siege. The English force is too small to encircle the walls fully, and there are more defenders (2,400 troops and 3,000 militia, under the command of the Seiur de Gaucort) than there are besiegers (The English numbers had fallen to 4,000, plus 150 men from the duke of Burgundy). Undeterred, Salisbury decides to assault the main bridge across the river.
1428	20 October	The Earl of Salisbury climbs up to the third story of the Tourelles, so survey Orléans. A bombard, set off as the story goes by a schoolboy, blows a hole in the tower, killing one of his officers and dislodging an iron bar which slices through Salisbury's visor and cuts away half his face.
1428	27 October	After a week of agony, the Earl of Salisbury dies, genuinely mourned by his men. Command goes to the Earl of Suffolk. Suffolk is a more unimaginative soldier, disinclined to take risks, and unlucky on top of that. He continues th siege in a lackadasical fashion, leaving a garrison at Tourelles, and retiring the bulk of the troops to winter quarters.
1428	1 December	Lord Talbot and Lord Scales bring the troops back forward and circle Orléans with a series of 60 wooden earthworks. Even this is ineffective, as it fails to prevent the Bastard of Orléans along with La Hire, Poton de Xaintrailles and 500 fresh troops from reinforcing the city.
1429
1429	12 February	The Battle of Rouvray (the Battle of the Herrings). Sir John Fastolf, escorting supplies (Lenten food - lentils and herring) to Orléans with 500 English archers and 1,000 Parisian militia, is attacked. Having circled his wagons, Fastolf repulses the attack.
1429	March	Jehanne d'Arc is approved by church scholars in Poitiers and is given command of an army which she leads to Orléans.
1429	22 March	Jehanne d'Arc Sends the Lettre aux Anglais to the Duke of Bedford, announcing her presence and her intentions.
1429	April	The Duke of Bedford writes to the Council pleading for men. He is sent 100 men-at-arms.
1429	29 April	Several barges laden with supplies slip past the English (who were distracted by a mock assault on one of the earthworks) and enter Orléans.
1429	30 April	Jehanne d'Arc, with a small escort, rides into Orléans.
1429	18 May	Jehanne d'Arc lifts the siege of Orléans
1429	Early to mid June	Jehanne d'Arc takes Jargeau, Meung-sur-Loire, and Beaugency.
1429	18 June	Jehanne d'Arc defeats an English Army at Patay.
1429	17 July	The Dauphin Charles is crowned Charles VII at Reims
1429	29 December	Charles VII ennobles Jehanne d'Arc and her family.
1430
1430	23 May	Jehanne d'Arc is captured by Burgundian forces at Compiègne, and subsequently sold to the English for 10,000 livres.
1430	25 December	Jehanne d'Arc is placed in captivity in Rouen, where she remains through her trial