Hundred Years War Timeline 1371

1371
1371		Cardinal Pierre Roger de Beaufort is elected Pope, and crowned as Gregory IX. [Froissart's Chronicle image (15thc. BNF, FR 2643)]
1371		Louis d'Anjou opens hearings on the miracles of Charles of Blois.
1371	January	Prince Edward leaves Bordeaux for England, giving the rule of the Aquitaine over to John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster
1371	23 April	Jean IV de Montfort orders his garrison at Champtoceaux to hold firm against French Pressure
1371		The house of Lords resolves that Clergy cannot hold the offices of Chancellor, Treasurer, Barons of the Exchequer or Clerks of the Privy Council.
1371	28 May	A son is born to Philippe the Bold, duke of Burgundy and Marguerite de Male. This is the future Jean sans Peur (John the Fearless).
1371	August	Olivier III de Clisson is ordered by Charles V to relieve Moncontour, under siege by Henry Percy. It falls before he can arrive. [Froissart's Chronicle image (15thc. BNF, FR 2643)]
1372
1372		Due to his intransigence in returning Reggio and some other places that were supposedly possessions of the Holy See Pope Gregory XI declares war on Bernabo Visconti, Duke of Milan.
1372	March	Encouraged by Pope Gregory XI, a peace conference between the English and the French meets in Calais. It results in no tangible success.
1372	14 June	Olivier de Clisson, Bertrand du Guesclin and the remainder of the French Command are at Loches.
1372	22-23 June	The French galley fleet, under the command of Ranier Grimaldi, and a Castillian squadron sent by Enrique, defeat a large fleet under the Earl of Pembroke, off La Rochelle. [Froissart's Chronicle image (15thc. BNF, FR 2643)] The Earl is taken captive to Spain, and loss of this fleet allows the French to take most of Poitou, Saintogne and Angoumois unopposed in the next month.
1372	Early July	Moncontour is retaken by the French.
1372	29 July	Saint-Sevère falls to the French. De Clisson's friend, a Breton squire named Geoffroy Payen, is taken captive to Benon.
1372	August	King Edward III and Prince Edward sail from Sandwich with 400 ships, carrying 4,000 men at arms and 10,000 archers for France, but after six weeks of bad weather and being blown off course they are driven back to England.
1372	7 August	Bertrand du Guesclin enters Poitiers in Triumph
1372	28 August	Philippe, duke of Burgundy, arrives at Poitiers, and begins negotiating with the locals.
1372	Second Week of September	Olivier III de Clisson invests Benon for siege. The English commander, one David Hollengrave, executes some of his prisoners, Geoffroy Payen amongst them. De Clisson is so outraged at the killing of his friend that he is said to have executed 15 prisoners in revenge when Benon fell to him.
1372	Late September	Treaty of Surgères: Bertrand du Guesclin, Olivier III de Clisson, and the ducs of Berry and Bourbon conclude a peace with the prelates and nobles of Poitou and Saintonge, who promise full allegiance to Charles V if the English do not aid them by the end of November.
1372	October	Prince Edward resigns his Principality of Aquitaine, retiring to his castle at Berkhampstead.
1372		Jean de Montfort, duc de Bretagne, repudiates his fealty to King Charles and flees to England.
1372		The French recover La Rochelle and its surrounding countryside. The Captal de Buch is captured and, contrary to Chivalrous tradition, thrown into prison in the Temple, in Paris. He is given the choice to come over, at which he will be released, but refuses to do so.
1372		Engurrand de Coucy faces Sir John Hawkwood, who is laying siege to Asti, in Savoy. Hawkwood is faced with the inability to command due to the guardians of the nominal commander, Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Galeazzo's son. Unable to make the assault he wishes he strikes camp and leaves. De Coucy relieves Asti.
1372	December	Engurrand de Coucy is named Captain-General of the Papal troops in the Lombardy region.
1373
1373	January	Coucy and Hawkwood meet up east of Parma, marching on Milan and a meeting there with Amadeus of Savoy.
1373	'Early in the year'	A peace conference between the English and the French meets in Bruges, again without success.
1373	February	Amadeus of Savoy enters Milanese territory, having come to an agreement of neutrality with Galeazzo Visconti, who is his sisters husband.
1373	26 February	Coucy and Hawkwood are called off, while the Pope negotiates with Bernabo Visconti. This is a ruse on Bernabo's part to gain time.
1373		Amadeus, having circled Milan to the north, is pinned down by the Duke of Bavaria, Bernabo Visconti's son in law.
1373	April	Battle of Montichiari. Coucy and Hawkwood triumph over the forces of the Visconti. Coucy and Hawkwood withdraw to Bologna. Having fought his way out of Bavaria's clutches Savoy meets them there.
1373	July	Coucy, Hawkwood and Savoy march westward.
1373		John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, lands in Calais with 3,000 men at arms and 8,000 archers. Though theoretically seeking a decisive battle Lancaster did not proceed directly to the Aquitaine, but instead pillaged his way around Paris, through Champagne, Burgundy and Auvergne.
1373	August	Siege of Piacenza. The matter comes to no conclusion, and ends when Amadeus becomes ill. The papal offensive disintegrates.
1373	Christmas	John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster arrives in Bordeaux with 6,000 of his original 11,000.
1374
1374		Plague returns to Italy and southern France.
1374		Petrarch, Poet, scholar and curmudgeon extrordinaire, dies.
1374		Pope Gregory XI approves the founding the Order of the Spanish Hermits of St. Jerome.
1374	January	Attempting to bring the companies under control the French government issues an ordinance providing for a system of authorized companies, with fixed pay rates, and captains appointed by the crown, who would forbid pillage and be responsible for the action of their men. This did not achieve any notable success.
1374	January	At Perigueux Bertrand du Guesclin and John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster negotiate a truce covering the Aquitaine.
1374	23 January	Engurrand de Coucy is released from his service by the Pope, and returns to France.
1374	June	Edward III decides he is ready to negotiate a truce. After some delay Charles V agrees to a truce of two years, and sends envoys to Bruges to discuss the matter.
1374	6 June	Pope Gregory XI, in alliance with the Holy Roman Emperor, the queen of Naples, the king of Hungary and with the paid services of Sir John Hawkwood, force Bernabo Visconti, duke of Milan, to come to terms. Bernabo bribes several of the negotiators to give him favorable terms.
1374		Pope Gregory announces the right of the Inquisition to intervene in sorcery trials. This had previously been considered a purely civil matter.
1374	November	Charles V appoints de Coucy as a Marshal of France, but de Coucy declines the honor.
1375
1375	Early in the year	A marriage is arranged between William, heir to the Counties of Hainault, Holland and Zeeland, which has the result that the Count of Hainault is drawn towards the French side of the conflict.
1375		The Florentines, worried about the growing power of the papacy in central Italy, ally themselves with Bernabo Visconti, duke of Milan, and begin agitating against the pope in the Papal States. Their resultant success soon has the Papal States in rebellion against the pope. Unfortunately for them, the pope excommunicates Florence, and places it under interdict, outlawing the citizens.
1375	January	A peace conference gathers at Bruges. This appears to be a more serious attempt, as it is led on either side by princes of royal blood. For the English, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and for the French Philippe le Hardi, duke of Burgundy. Philippe is given a monthly salary of 5,000 lt for the duration, and proceeds to host the English with great pomp, taking a large retinue in livery made specifically for the occasion, arranging for a large shipment of Burgundian wine.
1375	March	Three carts, pulled by fifteen horses in total, of tapestries and robes arrive in Bruges where the conference is beginning in earnest.
1375	27 June	A peace cannot be agreed upon at the conference in Bruges, but they settle for a truce, which is to run from 27 June 1375 until dawn on 30 June 1376, in the north of France and in England, and from the 22 July in the rest of France, to give it time to be disseminated. They also agree to further negotiations in the fall.
1375	1 July	The peace conference at Bruges closes with a magnificent feast given by Philippe, duke of Burgundy attended by all the participants in the conference.
1375	28 December	The peace conference re-convenes in Bruges. Philippe, duke of Burgundy is joined by Louis, duc d'Anjou on the French side, and John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster is joined by Edmund, earl of Cambridge on the English side. The negotiations that follow produce nothing other than an extension of the truce until 1 April, 1377.
1376
1376		First appearance of "The Vision of Piers Plowman" and the rise of the Robin Hood legends in England
1376		Parliament petitions the King of England for a pardon for Sir John Hawkwood.
1376		Publication of John Wyclif's de Civili Dominio (On Civil Authority) which proposed disendowment of the property of the Church and the exclusion of the clergy from civil government.
1376	January - June	Charles V attempts to parley with the English at meetings in Boulogne, Calais, and Montreuil. the French negotiators are Engurrand de Coucy, Bureau de la Riviere, the Bishops of Laon and Bayeaux. For the English, Sir Guichard d'Angle, Sir Richard Stury, Lord Thomas Percythe, Earl of Salisbury and Geoffrey Chaucer.
1376	August	Philippe, duke of Burgundy sails down the Rhone to Avignon to attempt to convince Pope Gregory to stay in Avignon. His mission is not a success.
13476	1 September	Philippe, Duke d'Orleans, dies, leaving no legitimate heir. His lands return to the Crown of France.
1376	13 September	Pope Gregory XI leaves Avignon for Marseilles, taking the papacy back to Rome.
1376	2 October	Pope Gregory XI takes ship from Avignon.
1376	6 December	Pope Gregory XI lands in Corneto.
1377
1377		Sir Hugh Calveley, Deputy of Calais, raids Boulougne, burning ships and plundering the town.
1377		The peace conference at Bruges closes, having come to a territorial compromise, but hung on the matter of sovereignty over the territories.
1377	13 January	Pope Gregory XI leaves Corneto for Rome.
1377	17 January	Pope Gregory XI makes his solemn entry into Rome.
1377	3 February	In an attempt to quell the rebellions in the Papal States cardinal Robert of Geneva orders the massacre of 4,000 people at Cesena
1377	6 February	Jeanne de Bourbon, Queen of France, dies.
1377	28th April	Beginning of the "Good Parliament". For the first time Commons elects a Speaker, in the person of Sir Peter de la Mare, a knight of Herefordshire. Parliament brings charges against the Chamberlain Lord Latimer, Sir Richard Lyons, a member of Edward III's Royal Council, and Alice Perrers, the King's mistress.
1377	29th April	The Duke of Lancaster attends the Commons, and hears the charges. Sir Richard sends a bribe of 1000 pounds to Prince Edward, who returns it, and the same to King Edward, who keeps it, saying he was only taking back his own.
1377	May	Commons finds the charges against Latimer, Lyons and Perrers proved, and Latimer and Lyons, along with four subordinates, are dismissed and sentenced to fines and imprisonment. Alice Perrers is banished from court, much to King Edwards dismay.
1377		Due to continuous riots in Rome pope Gregory XI removes himself to Anagui.
1377	22 May	Pope Gregory XI issues five papal bulls condemning the errors of John Wyclif.
1377	June	Prince Edward falls into the last stage of his disease, with complications from dysentery.
1377	June	French Admiral Jean de Vienne takes 50 ships, with nearly 4,000 troops, cross the channel and sacks Rye, penetrating inland as far as Lewes, which is sacked and burned. Plymouth is also burned.
1377	8 June	Death of Edward Plantaganet, the Black Prince, age 46
1377	21 June	Edward III, King of England, dies. He is not widely mourned, but Charles V summons his court for a requiem for him at Sainte-Chapelle.
1377	July	Richard, King of England, is presented to the Commons, and confirmed as Heir Apparent
1377	10 July	The Good Parliament, having sat for a record 74 days, closes. Having made no provisions to reassemble, or for the upkeep of the ordinances and resolutions it has passed, John of Gaunt, the Duke of Lancaster, is able to remove all the reforms, reinstates the dismissed councillors, and brings Alice Perrers back to court.
1377	August	French ships attack and burn Hastings. Attempts to do the same at Southhampton and Poole are thwarted by the English.
1377		The duc d'Anjou and Constable Bertrand du Guesclin invade Guyenne, taking Bergerac. Sir Thomas Felton, Seneschal of Guyenne is taken prisoner.
1377	4-13 September	Philippe, duke of Burgundy takes several English castles near Calais from their English captains. The fact that several of these captains are later put to death for dereliction of duty in their defence, one especially egregious case showing that the captain had only thirty-eight men on hand to oppose Philippe's army of several thousand, minimizes the real military meaning of these successes. The main objective of the campaign, the recapture of Calais, fails due to the worsening weather, and the failure of the French fleet to coordinate with the land forces.
1377	November	Charter issued for St. Mary's College, Oxford
1377	7 November	Having quelled the riots, pope Gregory XI returns to Rome.
1377	December	King Charles tries Jean de Montfort, duc de Bretagne, for treason, in absentia. Montfort's title is declared null, and Charles announces the Duchy's union with the crown.
1378
1378	27 March	Pope Gregory XI dies in Avignon. He is said to have been so disgusted with conditions in Rome that only his death prevented him from returning to Avignon.
1378	7 April	The conclave of Cardinals begins to choose a successor to Gregory XI. The entire meeting of the conclave is held under pressure from the populace of Rome, who insisted a Italian be elected pope. The near riot conditions existing in the streets influence their decision.
1378	8 April	Bartolomeo Prignano, Archbishop of Bari and papal chancellor, is elected as pope Urban VI. While a seemingly sensible candidate and a good compromise, once upon the throne he turns out to be less diplomatic than hoped for, quarreling with the college of Cardinals, and carrying out a radical reform of the curia. The French clergy, and some Italians angered by his actions fear his election will mean a loss of power and influence.
1378	Early May	The disaffected cardinals remove themselves to Anagni.
1378	Whitsun	The Earl of Arundel, Marshal of the West, attacks Harfleur, but is met with strong resistance, and retreats back to his ships.
1378		The Earl of Arundel and John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster attack St. Malo, in Brittany, but fail to take the town and are forced to retreat.
1378	June	Pope Urban VI, his suspicions aroused against those cardinals who had removed to Anagni, sends three of his Italian cardinals to meet with them, and attempt to restore better relations. The French cardinals reply that they are loyal, but later that day they meet to make the case for the invalidity of Urban's VI's election.
1378	2 August	The dissident cardinals issue a declaration against the election of Urban VI.
1378	27 August	The dissident cardinals leave Anagni and travel to Fondi, where they have the protection of the lord of the city, and are closer to Joanna of Naples, who supports them, having grown disillusioned with Urban.
1378	15 September	The three Italian cardinals sent by Urban VI to negotiate with the disaffected cardinal defect, joining their colleagues at Fondi.
1378	18 September	A letter arrives in Fondi from Charles V, king of France, expressing his grave and growing doubts about the validity of Urban VI's election, and encouraging the cardinals there to choose a properly selected pope (and one who was hopefully more favorable to France).
1378	20 September	Motivated by the letter from Charles V of France the dissident cardinals at Fondi elect cardinal Robert of Geneva (the butcher of Cesena) as pope Clement VII. Besieged in Castel San Angelo he is forced to flee when it falls, and returns to Avignon at the invitation of king Charles V. The Papal Schism begins.
1378	December	King Charles tries Jean de Montfort, duc de Bretagne, for treason, in absentia. Montfort's title is declared null, and Charles announces the Duchy's union with the crown.
1379
1379
1380
1380		Parliament reluctantly agrees to a graded poll tax on every soul in the realm, starting at a groat (4 pence) a head, save for paupers 'As well as for the safety of the realm and for the keeping of the sea'
1380	July	Sir John Arundel, brother of the Earl of Arundel and Marshal of England, raids through Brittany with great savagery, storming a convent and carrying off the women for their amusement. In what may be Divine justice, his ships sink on the way home, and all but eight are drowned.
1380		The Duke of Gloucester and Sir John Knollys march from Calais and make a raid towards Brittany, by way of the Beauce and Vendome, finally linking up with troops of Jean de Montfort, duc de Bretagne. Other than the usual damage to the surrounding countryside nothing is achieved.
1380	6 July	Bertrand du Guesclin, Constable of France, falls ill while concluding the siege of Châteauneuf-de-Randon in south central France, which has agreed to surrender on the 13 of July if help is not forthcoming. They say it was the water, and local tradition blames the fountain named Lo Glaouzo, in the village of Albuges.
1380	9 July	Bertrand du Guesclin is brought to a house in the village of L'Habitarelle, where he dictates his will to the notary Jagues Chezal, and, according to legend, gives his sword to the Marshall Sancerre saying 'Marshall, I leave the sword of France in your keeping. It is a good sword: give it back to the king, and remember me to him and to all the barons of France. And ask them to pray for me, for now my time is over'.
1380	13 July	Bertrand du Guesclin dies at L'Habitarelle. His entrails, supposedly to be interred in the shrine of the Black Madonna at Le Puy-en-Velay, end up in the Dominican Church of St. Laurent in that city, his flesh (boiled from his bones to prevent corruption) at the church of the Minorites in Montferrand, his bones at the Royal abbey of Saint-Denis in Paris, and his heart in Dinan, in Brittany.
1380		Pierre de Galart, captain of Châteauneuf-de-Randon, is called upon to honor his surrender by the Marshal Sancerre. De Gelart, aware of du Guesclin's death, replies his pact was with du Guesclin, and he will surrender to none other. Marshal Sancerre, at first too angry to reply, subsequently brings out the English hostages, and informs de Gelart that he would behead them all if the castle and town were not surrendered within the hour, and further that if it had to be taken by force there would be no hope of quarter. De Gelart takes him at his word, and sends his lieutenants out with the keys.
1380	August	Philippe, duke of Burgundy is made captain-general of all the troops and castles in the realm of France, and invested with wide sweeping powers.
1380	16 September	Charles V dies of a heart attack at Vincennes. A regency council of the ducs of Anjou, Berry and Burgundy is given the rule of the realm during the minority of the Dauphin.