Hundred Years War Timeline 1351

1351
1351	26 March	Combat of the Thirty in Brittany. Jean de Beaumanoir, commander of the castle of Josselin, which holds for the French claimant, Charles de Blois meets Robert Branborc (or Bemborough), commander of the castle of Polormel, which holds for the English for an passage of arms with daggers, axes and spears. De Beaumanoir emerges victorious, with two of his knights dead, and Bemberough, along with eight others, dies in the exchange.
1351	April	French Royal Ordinance of 1351: Raises pay for Soldiers and in an attempt to curb the Right of Independent Withdrawal forbids nobles to leave the battlefield without the permission of the commanders.
1351	6 November	King Jean II sends a letter out inviting 500 knights to the first meeting of the Order of the Star.
1352
1352		Parliament limits the English kings powers of conscription.
1352	6 January	The first and only meeting of the new Order of the Star. Of the 500 knights invited to attend only about 100 actually do, and if these many are the immidiate royal family, or officers of the crown.
1352		Battle of Mauron: Walter Bently, Edward III's commander in Brittany, defeats a French army, inflicting heavy casualties on the Blois - Penthièvre party.
1352	6 December	Pope Clement VI dies
1352	18 December	Étienne Aubert is elected and enthroned as Innocent VI
1353
1353		Robert du Guesclin, father of Bertrand du Guesclin, dies, making Bertrand the seigneur of Broons.
1353	April	Walter Bently is removed as Edward III's commander in Brittany, having failed to achieve any notable success in campaigns in the area below the Loire.
1353	June	Walter Bently is imprisoned on his return to England
1354
1354	January	Philippe of Navarre, at the instigation of his brother Charles (the Bad) of Navarre, assassinates Constable Charles d'Espagne. Charles lands in Normandy are confiscated.
1354	March	King Jean II and Charles of Navarre are officially reconciled.
1355
1355	Midsummers Day	The Black Prince sails to Bordeaux.
1355		The Black Prince leads a destructive raid into Languedoc.
1355	10 April	Bertrand du Guesclin is knighted by Arnoul d'Audrehem, Marshal of France, after rescuing him from an ambush laid by Hugh Calveley.
1355	6 June	Edward III orders Walter Bently released.
1355	End of October	Henry, Duke of Lancaster and King Edward sail for Normandy.
1355	November	Walter Bently, cleared of the charges against him, returns to Brittany with his stepson, Olivier IV de Clisson.
1355	2 November	King Edward III and Henry de Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster land in Calais, raid in Pas de Calais, Artios and Picardy.
1355	5-7 November	French Royal host is in Amiens.
1355	12 November	French Royal host is in St. Omer. Between Amiens and there Jean II burned or carried off provisions, leaving the English without supplies.
1355	by 15 November	Facing a threat of Scottish invasion, and not wanting to spend the winter in France, Duke Henry and King Edward III return to England.
1355	October-November	Plaisance, Mont Giscar, Carcassone and Narbonne are pillaged by Edward, Prince of Wales.
1355		The Estates of Langued'oil (Northern France) meet in Paris. They agree to support 30,000 man at arms, at a cost of 5,000,000 livres despite the grave misgivings of it's members, expressed by Etienne Marcel.
1356
1356		Charles de Blois, having promised a large ransom to the English, is released. The ransom is never paid.
1356	April	King Jean II and Marshal d'Audrehem personally arrest Charles of Navarre, Jean de Harcourt and several other Norman lords for treason. Jean de Harcourt and the other minor lords are executed. Charles of Navarre is imprisoned in the Chatelet, and his lands in Normandy are confiscated (again).
1356	June-July	Henry de Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, leads an expeditionary force into Normandy where the French are attacking the strongholds of Charles of Navarre.
1356	Late Summer	Edward, Prince of Wales, begins a raid northward from Gascony, theoretically to meet with an army led by his father, King Edward III. King Edward, however, has not been able to raise the troops. Henry de Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster is dispatched towards Touraine to support the Prince in the King's stead.
1356	3 September	Prince Edward reaches the Loire but, finding the bridges burnt turns west towards Tours, where he has reports of a large French Army.
1356	First Week September	French army gathers at Chartres.
1356	8-13 September	French army crosses the Loire at Orleans, Blois and other points. The city forces, disaffected about taxes, withdraw, though according to Froissart King Jean II dismisses them.
1356	12 September	Prince Edward is in Montbazon, receives Cardinal Tallyrand, on a mission to negotiate a truce, which Edward refuses.
1356	17 September	At a farm called La Chavoterie a French force led by Raoul de Coucy overtakes an English scouting party. They engage and, though outnumbered, the English win. Raoul is taken captive.
1356	Morning, 18 September	King Jean II and the French army block the line of march of Prince Edward. Edward draws up his forces for battle.
1356	mid morning, 18 September	In response to pleas by Cardinal Tallyrand to maintain the Truce of God, given the fact that it was Sunday, King Jean II agrees to delay battle until the next day. English entrench their position.
1356	19 September	Battle of Poitiers: Capture of King Jean II, 1 Archbishop, 13 Counts, 5 Viscounts, 21 Barons and Bannerets and and 2,000 knights, squires and men-at-arms. Most were released on their promise to bring their ransom to Bordeaux before Christmas. [Grandes Chroniques Image (14thc. BNF, FR 2813)] [Froissart's Chronicle image (15thc. BNF, FR 2643)]
1356	O/A 20 September	Edward withdraws to Bordeaux.
1356	October	The Estates General is summoned in Paris, to raise money for defense. The 800 delegates vote themselves into a standing committee of 80, the rest depart. Etienne Marcel, Provost of Merchants of Paris confronts the Dauphin Charles and demands the dismissal of the seven most notoriously greedy of King Jean II's councillors, the institution of a Council of Twenty-Eight to take their place, and the release of Charles of Navarre. The Dauphin Charles rejects their demands, and dismisses them. [Grandes Chroniques Image (14thc. BNF, FR 2813)]
1356	3 October	Henry de Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, Edward III's commander in Brittany, lays siege to Rennes.
1356	November	After the Dauphin Charles leaves Paris the committee reforms and, inciting strikes and the arming of the public, forces Charles to return to Paris and reconvene the Estates General.
1357
1357		The municipal government of Paris is moved from the Parloir aux Bourgeois to the Place de Grève
1357	February-March	The Estates General write the Grand Ordinance, a sweeping attempt to reform the government of France. By threats of mob violence Charles is forced to sign it as Regent of France.
1357		Pierre de Villiers is appointed chevalier du guet (chief of police) in Paris.
1357	May	King Jean II repudiates Dauphin Charles' signature, and the Grand Ordinance. Prince Edward returns to England escorting King Jean II, and the significant French prisoners.
1357	Summer	Charles goes on progress through the countryside. Gradual collapse of all government outside of Paris, exacerbated by the rise of the Brigand Companies.
1357	July	Henry de Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, reluctantly raises the siege of Rennes, as a result of the truce signed by King Jean II and Edward, Prince of Wales. The citizens of Rennes are required to pay him for this, a sum between 60,000 and 100,000 écus.
1357		Bertrand du Guesclin is granted a life pension of 200 livres as reward for his part in the defense of Rennes.
1357	August	Charles, emboldened by the support he received on progress, reinstates the dismissed councillors, and dismisses the Council of Thirty-Six.
1357	November	Charles of Navarre is released (or escapes) from prison in Picardy. He addresses a crowd in Paris and mentions that his claim to the throne is as least better that King Edward's. The crowd favors Navarre. [Grandes Chroniques Image (14thc. BNF, FR 2813)]
1357	13 December	Bertrand du Guesclin is appointed Captain of Ponterson, in Brittany, with jurisdiction over the garrisons of Mont Saint-Michel, Montagu and Sacey.
1358
1358	11 January	The Dauphin Charles reenters Paris with 2,000 men-at-arms, and addresses the crowd at Les Halles. The crowd favors the Dauphin. [Grandes Chroniques Image (14thc. BNF, FR 2813)] Etienne Marcel raises a crowd, and storm the Palace. Regnaut d'Acy is killed in the streets, and Marshal Roger de Clermont and Marshal Jean de Conflans are slain in front of the Dauphin. The crowd favors Marcel, but he looses the last of his support amongst the nobility.
1358	March or April	Bertrand du Guesclin has his first encounter with the Dauphin Charles. Du Guesclin rides to Provins, where the Dauphin was busy gathering support against the burghers of Paris and Charles of Navarre, to ask for the back pay for the Ponterson soldiers. Charles, perhaps a bit exasperated, orders it done 'so that for the lack of it they [the soldiers] will not leave the country and that the said knight [Bertrand] shall not come back and complain to us.'
1358	May	The Dauphin orders the nobles along the water routes to Paris to fortify their castles, in order to blockade Paris.
1358	28 May	At St. Leu the peasants of the town rise up and kill the local nobles (a knight, his wife and children) and burn the manor. The unrest quickly spreads, becoming the Jacquerie. [Grandes Chroniques Image (14thc. BNF, FR 2813)]
1358	9 June	A large force of the Jauques (9000?) reach the city of Meaux, where the French royal family is in residence. They are confronted by the Captal de Buch and the Comte de Foix, with about 120 followers. Pandemonium ensues, and on the narrow bridge connecting the fortress to the town, where the peasants cannot make use of their superior numbers many are slaughtered. [Grandes Chroniques Image (14thc. BNF, FR 2813)] [Froissart's Chronicle image (15thc. BNF, FR 2643)] Meaux burned for two weeks, and the tide turned against the Jacques.
1358	June	Charles of Navarre faces Guillame Caen, the leader of the Jacques, in battle. Charles invites Caen to parley, seizes him and beheads him, according to some sources after crowning him King of the Jacques with a crown of red hot iron.
1358	June	Engurrand de Coucy hunts down and destroys the remaining bands of Jaques.
1358	by 24 June	The Jacquerie is crushed between Seine and Marne.
1358	July	Charles of Navarre enters Paris, and again addressing the crowd, makes a bid for the crown. [Grandes Chroniques Image (14thc. BNF, FR 2813)] Etienne Marcel plans to turn the city over to him. The English are ravaging the outskirts of the city on a daily basis.
1358	22 July	Charles of Navarre brings a band of English men-at-arms into Paris, where an enraged crowd attacks them, driving them into the Louvre.
1358	31 July	At the Port St. Denis Marcel orders the guard to give the keys to the city to Charles of Navarre. They refuse and a riot breaks out. Marcel tries again later, at the Port de St. Antoine, with the same result, only this time he is caught in the rioting and trampled to death in the streets. [Froissart's Chronicle image (15thc. BNF, FR 2643)]
1358	2 August	Paris opens it's gates to the Dauphin, who proclaims a pardon for all, except those of Charles of Navarre and Marcel's party, who are executed or banished.
1358	10 August	After angry demonstrations result from an attempt to arrest more of Marcel's followers, the Dauphin issues a general amnesty.
1358	23 August	Isabella, the She-Wolf of France, widow of Edward II, dies.
1358		In St. Denis, Charles of Navarre defies the Dauphin, and renews his alliance with the King of England.
1359
1359		King Jean II signs the Treaty of London, agreeing to pay 4,000,000 gold écus ransom and cedeing the Aquitane to Edward III including all the provinces (Poitou, Saintogne, Quercy and others) that were part of the Duchy at the time of Eleanor's marriage to Henry II.
1359	March	With the ransom as yet unpaid, King Edward III demands further territorial concessions from King Jean II. Jean II agrees to cede Anjou, Maine and Touraine to Edward III.
1359	19 May	Unable to agree to the terms of the treaty between King Edward III and King Jean II, the Estates General at Paris reject the treaty, and order war to be made on England.
1359	August	Charles of Navarre is reconciled with the Dauphin, and through him the King (again). [Grandes Chroniques Image (14thc. BNF, FR 2813)]
1359	End of October	King Edward III sets out with a massive force from England, landing in Calais. His intention is to make for Rheims, there to be crowned King of France.
1359		The Dauphin pursues a policy of avoiding pitched battle, and orders the earth scorched in front of King Edward's army.
1359	1st week December	Edward reaches Rheims, having encountered no resistance. He is low on supplies, Picardie having been ravaged by the Companies, and the suppression of the Jacquerie. In the interim, Rheims has increased it's fortifications, and destroyed all the buildings outside the walls that could shelter him. [Froissart's Chronicle image (15thc. BNF, FR 2643)]
1360
1360		Peter of Cyprus, titular King of Jerusalem, tours Europe promoting the idea of a crusade to save Jerusalem.
1360		Philippe le Hardi is granted the Duchy of Touraine following his and his father's return to France from captivity in England.
1360	2nd or 3rd week January	Edward lifts the siege of Rheims, and marches to Burgundy, to pillage.
1360	1 March	King Jean II is moved from Lincolnshire to the Tower of London.
1360	15 March	Engurrand Ringoes, with a force of @ 2000, lands in Winchelsea and takes and pillages the town. Alarms fly out across England, panic ensues.
1360	16 March	Rye is likewise pillaged. The French return to Winchelsea and then to France.
1360	End of March	Philip de Rouvre, Duc de Bourgogne, pays Edward 200,000 moutons to leave. Edward turns and marches towards Paris.
1360	1st week April	Edward invests Paris for siege, issuing challenges to fight. The Dauphin remains behind the walls.
1360	Second week April	After burning the outskirts of Paris for a week, Edward picks up and moves towards Chartres.
1360	13 April	Black Monday - While camped on the approach to Chartres the English army is devastated by a storm of immense hail and freezing rain. Yielding to the wrath of heaven (and the advice of the Duke of Lancaster) Edward agrees to negotiate a peace.
1360	8 May	Treaty of Bretigny is signed. Jean II's ransom is reduced to 3,000,000 ecus, and Edward renounces the crown of France, and any territories not covered by the treaty. Edward is granted Guienne and Calais free of homage, and large grants of land were made between the Loire and the Pyrenees, amounting to approximately a third of France. Forty hostages are to be sent to England to ensure compliance.
1360	July	King Jean II is returned to Calais and kept there pending the delivery of the first installment of his ransom.
1360	End of July	King Jean II notifies the clergy, nobles, towns and inhabitants of Poitou that the region is being turned over to the English. Sir John Chandos travels through the region receiving homages on behalf of Edward III.
1360	Mid-October	Jean II's daughter is married to the son of Galeazzo Visconti, in return for a payment of 600,000 florins.
1360	24 October	A payment of 400,000 ecus is made to the English at Calais. It is less than the the stipulated 600,000, but it is accepted. The treaty is ratified, with some slight modifications, as the Treaty of Calais. Jean II returns to Paris. [Grandes Chroniques Image (14thc. BNF, FR 2813)]
1360	28 October	The party of hostages sails for England.